'defilements', are mind-defiling, disadvantageous qualities. Vis.M. XXII, 49, 65:

"There are 10 defilements, thus called because they are themselves defiled, and because they defile the mental factors associated with them. They are:

• (1) greed (lobha),

• (2) hate (dosa),

• (3) delusion (moha),

• (4) conceit (māna),

• (5) speculative views (ditthi),

• (6) skeptical doubt (vicikicchā),

• (7) mental torpor (thīna),

• (8) restlessness (uddhacca);

• (9) shamelessness (ahirika),

• (10) lack of moral dread or unconscientiousness (anottappa)."

For 1-3, s. mūla; 4, s. māna; 5, s. ditthi; 6-8, s. nīvarana; 9 and 10, s. ahirika-anottappa.

The ten are explained in Dhs. 1229f and enumerated in Vibh. XII.

No classification of the k. is found in the Suttas, though the term occurs quite often in them. For the related term, upakkilesa ('impurities') different lists are given - (App.).