Nettippakaraṇaṃ
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammā sambuddhassa

Saṃgahavāro

1. Yaṃ loko pūjayate - salokapālo sadā namassati ca,
Tassetaṃ sāsanavaraṃ - vidūhi ñeyyaṃ naracarassa.

2. Dvādasa padāni suttaṃ - taṃ sabbaṃ byañjanañca attho ca,
Taṃ viññeyyaṃ ubhayaṃ - ko attho byañjanaṃ katamaṃ.

3. Soḷasa hārā netti - pañca nayā sāsanassa pariyeṭṭhi,
Aṭṭhārasa mūlapadā - mahākaccānena-1. Niddiṭṭhā-2.

4. Hārā byañjanavicayo - suttassa nayā tayo ca suttattho,
Ubhayaṃ pariggahītaṃ - vuccati suttaṃ yathāsuttaṃ.

5. Yā ceva desanā yaṃ ca - desitaṃ ubhayameva viññeyyaṃ,
Tatrāyamānupubbī - navavīdha suttantapariyeṭṭhi'ti.

1. Mahakaccānena - machasaṃ. 2. Kaccāyanagotta niddiṭṭhā -pe
[BJT Page 004] [\x 4/]

Vibhāgavāro
1. Uddesavāro

Tattha katame soḷasa hārā: desanā vicayo yutti padaṭṭhāno lakkhaṇo catubyūho āvatto vibhatti parivattano vevacano paññatti otaraṇo sodhano adhiṭṭhāno parikkhāro samāropano iti.

Tassānugīti:

1. Desanā vicayo yutti - padaṭṭhāno ca lakkhaṇo,
Catubyuho ca āvaṭṭo - vibhatti parivattano.

2. Vevacano ca paññatti - otaraṇo ca sodhano,
Adhiṭṭhāno parikkhāro - samāropano [PTS Page 002] [\q 2/] soḷasa-1.

3. Ete soḷasa hārā - pakittitā atthato asaṃkiṇṇā,
Etesaṃ ceva bhavati - vitthāratayā nayavibhattī'ti.

Tattha katame pañca nayā: nandiyāvaṭṭo-2. Tipukkhalo sīha vikkīḷito disālocano aṅkuso iti.

Tassānugīti:

4. Paṭhamo nandiyāvaṭṭo - dutiyo ca tipukkhalo,
Sīhavikkīḷito nāma - tatiyo nayalañchako-3.

1. Soḷeso - machasaṃ 2. Nandiyāvatto - sīmu. 3. Nayalañcako - machasaṃ
[BJT Page 006] [\x 6/]

5. Disālocanamāhaṃsu - catutthaṃ nayamuttamaṃ,
Pañcamo aṅkuso nāma - sabbe pañca nayā gatā'ti

Tattha katamāni aṭṭhārasa mūlapadāni: nava padāni kusalāni, nava padāni akusalāni.

Tattha katamāni nava padāni akusalāni: taṇhā avijjā loho doso moho subhasaññā sukhasaññā niccasaññā attasaññā'ti imāni nava padāni akusalāni, yattha sabbo akusalapakkho saṅgahaṃ samosaraṇaṃ gacchati.

Tattha katamāni nava padāni kusalāni: samatho vipassanā alobho adoso amoho asubhasaññā dukkhasaññā aniccasaññā anattasaññā'ti. Imāni nava padāni kusalāni, yattha sabbo kusalapakkho saṅgahaṃ samosaraṇaṃ gacchati.

Tatiradaṃ uddānaṃ:

6. Taṇhā ca avijjā pi ca - lobho doso tatheva moho ca,
Caturo ca vipallāsā-1. Kilesabhumī nava padāni
[PTS Page 003] [\q 3/]
7. Samatho ca vipassanā ca - kusalāni ca yāni tiṇi mūlāni,
Caturo satipaṭṭhānā - indriyabhumi nava padāni.

8. Navahi ca padehi kusalā - navahi ca yujjanti akusalā pakkhā
Ete kho mūlapadā - bhavanti aṭṭhārasa padānī'ti

1. Cattāro vipallāsā - pu.
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2. Niddesavāro

Tattha saṃkhepato netti kittitā:

1. Assādādīnavatā-1. Nissaraṇampi ca phalaṃ upāyo ca,
Āṇatti ca bhagavato - yogīnaṃ desanāhāro

2. Yaṃ pucchitañca vissajjitañca - suttassa yā ca anugīti,
Suttassa yo pavicayo - hāro vicayoti niddiṭṭho.

3. Sabbesaṃ hārānaṃ - yā bhumi yo ca gocaro tesaṃ,
Yuttāyutta parikkhā-2. - Hāro yuttīti niddiṭṭho.

4. Dhammaṃ deseti jino - tassa ca dhammassa yaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ,
Iti yāva sabbadhammā - eso hāro padaṭṭhāno.

5. Vuttamhi ekadhamme - ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā keci,
Vuttā bhavanti sabbe - so hāro lakkhaṇo nāma.

6. Neruttamadhippāyo - byañjanamatha desanānidānañca,
Pubbāparānusandhi-3. - Eso hāro catubyūho

7. Ekamhi padaṭṭhāne - pariyesati sesakaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ,
Āvaṭṭati-4. Paṭipakkhe - avaṭṭo nāma so hāro.

8. Dhammaṃ ca padaṭṭhānaṃ - bhumiṃ ca vihajate-5. Ayaṃ hāro,
Sādhāraṇe asādhāraṇe ca - neyyo vibhattīti.

9. Kusalākusale dhamme - niddiṭṭhe bhāvite pahīne ca,
Parivattati paṭipakkhe - hāro parivattano nāma. [PTS Page 004] [\q 4/]

1. Assadādīnavato - pu. 2. Yuttāyuttiparikkhā - pu, sīmu. 3. Pubbāparena sandhi-pu. 4. Āvattati - sīmu. 5. Vībhajjate - sīmu.

[BJT Page 010] [\x 10/]

10. Veccanāni bahūni tu - sutte vuttāni ekadhammassa,
Yo jānāti suttavidū - veccano nāma so hāro.

11. Ekaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ - paññattīhi vividhāhi deseti,
So ākāro ñeyyo - paññatti nāma hāro'ti.

12. Yo ca paṭiccuppādo - indriyakhandhā ca dhātuāyatanā,
Etehi otarati yo - otaraṇo nāma so hāro.

13. Vissajjitamhi pañhe - gāthāya pucchitā yamārabbha,
Suddhāsuddhaparikkhā - hāro so sodhano nāma.

14. Ekattatāya dhammā - yepi ca vemattatāya niddiṭṭhā,
Te na vikappasitabbā - eso hāro adhiṭṭhāno.

15. Ye dhammā yaṃ dhammaṃ - janayantippaccayā paramparato,
Hetumavakaḍḍhayitvā - eso hāro parikkhāro.

16. Ye dhammā yammūlā - ye cekatthā pakāsitā muninā,
Te samaropayitabbā - esa samāropano bhāro.

17. Taṇhañca avijjampi ca - samathena vipassanāya yo neti,
Saccehi yojayitvā - ayaṃ nayo nandiyāvaṭṭo-1.

18. Yo akusale samūlehi - neti kusale ca kusalamūlehi,
Bhūtaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ - tipukkhalaṃ taṃ tayaṃ āhu.

19. Yo neti vipallāsehi - kilese-2. Indriyehi saddhamme,
Etaṃ nayaṃ nayavidū - sīhavikkīḷitaṃ āhu.

20. Veyyākaraṇesu hi ye - kusalākusalā tahiṃ tahiṃ vuttā,
Manasā volokayate - taṃ khu disālocanaṃ āhu.

1. Nandiyāvatto - sīmu 2. Saṃkilese - pu.
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21. Oloketvā disalocanena - ukkhipiya yaṃ samāneti,
Sabbe kusālākusale - ayaṃ nayo aṅkuso nāma.

22. Soḷasa hārā paṭhamaṃ - disalocanato-1. Disā vilokayitvā,
Saṃdhipiya aṅkusena hi - nayehi tīhi niddise suttaṃ.

23. Akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ - nirutti tatheva niddeso,
Ākārachaṭṭhavacanaṃ - ettāva byañjanaṃ sabbaṃ
[PTS Page 005] [\q 5/]
24. Saṅkāsanā pakāsanā - vivaraṇā vihajanuttānīkammapaññatti,
Etehi chahi padehi - attho kammañca niddiṭṭhaṃ.

25. Tīṇi ca nayā anūnā - atthassa ca chappadāni gaṇitāni,
Navahi padehi bhagavato - vacanassa'ttho samāyutto.

26. Atthassa nava padāni - byañjanapariyeṭṭhiyā catubbīsa,
Ubhayaṃ saṅkalayitvā-2. Tettiṃsā ettikā nettī'ti.

Niddesavāro niṭṭhito.

1. Disālocanena - pu. 2. Saṅkhepayato - pu.

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3. Paṭiniddesavāro
3. 1. 1.
Desanāhāravibhaṅgo

Tattha katamo desanāhāro: "assādādīnavatā" ti gāthā, ayaṃ desanāhāro. Kiṃ desayati: assādaṃ ādīnavaṃ nissaraṇaṃ phalaṃ upāyaṃ āṇattiṃ.

"Dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desissāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhe kalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevala paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsissāmī"ti.

Tattha katamo assādo:

1. "Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa tassa ce taṃ samijjhati,
Addhā pītimano hoti laddhā macco yadicchatī"ti
Ayaṃ assādo,

Tattha katamo ādinavo: [PTS Page 006] [\q 6/]

2. Tassa ce kāmayānassa chandajātassa jantuno,
Te kāmā paribhāyanti sallaviddhova ruppatī"ti
Ayaṃ ādīnavo,

Tattha katamaṃ nissaraṇaṃ:

3. "Yo kāme parivajjeti sappasseva padā siro,
So'maṃ visattikaṃ loke sato samativattatī"ti
Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ,

Tattha katamo assādo:

4. "Khettaṃ vatthuṃ hiraññaṃ vā gavāssaṃ dāsaporisaṃ,
Thiyo bandhu puthū kāme yo naro anugijjhatī"ti.
Ayaṃ assādo,

[BJT Page 016] [\x 16/]

Tattha katamo ādīnavo:

5. "Abalā naṃ balīyanti maddante naṃ parissayā,
Tato naṃ dukkhamanveti nāvaṃ bhinnamivodakanti"
Ayaṃ ādīnavo:

Tattha katamaṃ nissaraṇaṃ

6. "Tasmā jantu sadā sato kāmāni parivajjaye,
Te pahāya tare oghaṃ nāvaṃ sitvāva pāragu"ti
Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ,

Tattha katamaṃ phalaṃ:

7. "Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ
Chattaṃmahantaṃ yathavassakāle,
Esānisaṃso dhamme suviṇṇe
Na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī"ti.
Idaṃ phalaṃ,

Tattha katamo upāyo:

8. "Sabbe dhammā anattāti yadā paññāya passati
Atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā"ti. [PTS Page 007] [\q 7/]
Ayaṃ upāyo,

Tattha katamā āṇatti:

9. "Cakkhumā visamānīva vijjamāne parakkame,
Paṇḍito jīvalokasmiṃ pāpāni parivajjaye"ti.

"Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu mogharājā"ti āṇatti. "Sadā sato"ti upāyo.
"Attānudiṭṭhiṃ uhacca evaṃ maccutaro siyā"ti idaṃ phalaṃ.

[BJT Page 018] [\x 18/]

Tattha bhagavā ugghaṭitaññussa puggalassa nissaraṇaṃ deseti vipañcitaññussa puggalassa ādīnavaṃ ca nissaraṇaṃ ca deseti. Neyyassa puggalassa assādaṃ ca ādīnavaṃ ca nissaraṇaṃ ca deseti.

Tattha catasso paṭipadā cattāro puggalā ca, taṇhācarito mando santindriyena dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti satipaṭṭhānehi nissayehi, taṇhācarito udattho-1. Samādhindriyena dukkhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti jhānehi nissayehi, diṭṭhicarito mando viriyindriyena sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti sammappadhānehi nissayehi, diṭṭhicarito udattho-1. Paññindriyena sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti saccehi nissayehi.

Ubho taṇhācaritā, samathapubbaṅgamāya vipassanāya niyyanti rāgavirāgāya cetovimuttiyā, ubho diṭṭhicaritā vipassanāpubbaṅgamena samathena niyyanti avijjāvirāgāya paññāvimuttiyā.

Tattha ye samathapubbaṅgamāhi paṭipadāhi niyyanti, te nandiyā vaṭṭena nayena hātabbā. Ye vipassanāpubbaṅgamāhi paṭipadāhi niyyanti, the sīhavikkīḷitena nayena hātabbā. [PTS Page 008] [\q 8/]

Svāyaṃ hāro kattha sambhavati-2. Yassā-3. Satthā vā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, so taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā saddhaṃ paṭilabhati, tattha yā vīmaṃsā ussāhanā tulanā upaparikkhā, ayaṃ sutamayīpaññā, tathā sutena nissayena yā vīmaṃsā tulanā upaparikkhā manasānupekkhanā, ayaṃ cintāmayīpaññā. Imāhi dvīhi paññāhi-4. Manasikārasampayuttassa yaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati dassanabhumiyaṃ vā bhāvanābhumiyaṃ vā ayaṃ bhāvanāmayīpaññā. Parato ghosā sutamayīpaññā. Paccattasamūṭṭhitā yonisomanasikārā cintāmayīpaññā, yaṃ parato ca ghosena paccattasamuṭṭhitena ca yonisomanasikārena ñāṇaṃ uppajjati ayaṃ bhāvanāmayīpaññā.

Yassa imā dve paññā atthi sutamayī cintāmayī ca, ayaṃ ugghaṭitaññū, yassa sutamayī paññā atthi cintāmayī natthi ayaṃ vipañcitaññū. -5. Yassa neva sutamayī paññā atthī na cintāmayī, ayaṃ neyyo.

Sāyaṃ dhammadesanā kiṃ desayati: cattāri saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Ādīnavo phalaṃ ca dukkhaṃ, assādo samudayo, nissaraṇaṃ nirodho, upāyo āṇatti ca maggo, imāni cattāri saccāni, idaṃ dhammacakkaṃ.

1. Udatto - machasaṃ = udatthā - sīmu. 2. Samuṭṭhito - ne. A. 3. Tassa - ne. A. 4. Imāsu dvisu paññāsu - pu. 5. Vipavitaññu - sīmu.

[BJT Page 020] [\x 20/]

Yathā'ha bhagavā: "idaṃ dukkhanti me bhikkhave bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appattivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brāhmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ" (sabbaṃ dhammacakkaṃ)

Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā akkharā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā ākārā neruttā niddesā. Etasseva atthassa saṃkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti itipi'daṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

"Ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo'ti me bhikkhave bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ [PTS Page 009] [\q 9/] appativattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ"

"Ayaṃ dukkhanirodho'ti me bhikkhave bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appativattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ"

"Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā'ti me bhikkhave bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appativattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ"

Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā akkharā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā ākārā neruttā niddesā. Etasseva atthassa saṃkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti itipi'daṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāariyasaccaṃ.

Tattha bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāseti, padehi pakāseti, byañjanehi vivarati, ākārehi vibhajati, niruttīhi uttānīkaroti, ṇiddesehi paññāpeti. -1.

Tattha bhagavā akkharehi ca padehi ca ugghāṭeti, -2. Byañjanehi ca ākārehi ca vipañcayati, niruttīhi ca niddesehi ca vitthāreti. Tattha ugghāṭanā-3. Ādi, vipañcanā majjhe, vitthāraṇā pariyosānaṃ.

Soyaṃ dhammavinayo ugghaṭīyanto ugghaṭitaññupuggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu ādikalyāṇoti, vipañciyanto vipañcitaññūpuggalaṃ-4. Vineti, tena naṃ āhu: majjhekalyāṇoti. Vitthārīyanto neyyapuggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu: pariyosānakalyāṇoti.

Tattha chappadāni attho: saṃkāsanā pakāsanā vivaranā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti. Imāni chappadāni attho. Chappadāni byañjanaṃ: akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ ākāro nirutti niddeso. Imāni chappadāni byañjanaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā: "dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desissāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjananti". [PTS Page 010] [\q 10/]

1. Paññapeti - machasaṃ 2. Ugghaṭeti - machasaṃ. 3. Ugghaṭanā - machasaṃ 4. Vipavitaññū - machasaṃ.

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"Kevala"nti lokuttaraṃ, na missaṃ lokiyehi dhammehi; "paripuṇṇa"nti paripūraṃ anūnaṃ anatirekaṃ; "parisuddhaṃ"ti nimmalaṃ sabbamalāpagataṃ pariyodātaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ sabbavisesānaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati tathāgatapadaṃ itipi tathāgatanisevitaṃ itipi tathāgatārañjitaṃ-1. Itipi. Ato cetaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paññāyati. Tenāha bhagavā: "kevala paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsessāmī"ti,

Kesaṃ ayaṃ dhammadesanā: yogīnaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahā kaccāyano:

"Assādādīnavatā - nissaraṇampi ca phalaṃ upāyo ca,
Āṇatti ca bhagavato - yogīnaṃ desanāhāro"ti.

Niyutto desanāhāro.

3. 1. 2
Vicayahāravihaṅgo

Tattha katamo vicayo hāro: "yaṃ pucchitaṃ ca vissajjitaṃ cā" ti gāthā, ayaṃ vicayo hāro. Kiṃ vicinati: padaṃ vicinati pañhaṃ vicinati vissajjanaṃ vicinati pubbāparaṃ vicinati assādaṃ vicinati ādīnavaṃ vicinati nissaraṇaṃ vicinati phalaṃ vicinati upāyaṃ vicinati āṇattiṃ vicinati anugītiṃ vicinati sabbe nava suttante vicinati.

Yathā kiṃ bhave-2. : Yathā āyasmā ajito pārāyane bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ pucchati.

1. "Kenassu nivuto loko (iccāyasmā ajito)
Kenassu nappakāsati
Kissābhilepanaṃ-3. Brūsi
Kiṃsu tassa mahabbhayaṃ" ti.

Imāni cattāri padāni pucchitāni, so eko pañho; kasmā; ekavatthupariggahā, [PTS Page 011] [\q 11/] evaṃ hi āha: "kenassu nivuto loko" lokādhiṭṭhānaṃ pucchati. "Kenassu nappakāsatī"ti lokassa appakāsanaṃ pucchati. "Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsī" ti lokassa abhilepanaṃ pucchati. "Kiṃsu tassa mahabbhayaṃ"ti tasseva lokassa mahābhayaṃ pucchati. Loko tividho: kilesaloko bhavaloko indriyaloko.

1. Tathāgatarañjitaṃ - sīmu. Machasaṃ
2. Bhaveyya - pu.
3. Kiṃsvābhilepanaṃ - pu.

[BJT Page 024] [\x 24/]

Tattha vissajjanā:

2. "Avijjāya nivuto loko (ajitāti bhagavā)
Vivicchā-1. Pamādā nappakāsati,
Jappābhilepanaṃ brūmi
Dukkhamassa mahabbhaya"nti.

Imāni cattāri padāni imehi catūhi, padehi vissajjitāni, paṭhamaṃ paṭhamena, dutiyaṃ dutiyena, tatiyaṃ tatiyena, catutthaṃ catutthena, "kenassu nivuto loko"ti pañhe "avijjāya nivuto loko"ti vissajjanā, nīvaraṇehi nivuto loko, avijjā nīvaraṇāhi sabbe sattā; yathāha bhagavā: "sabbasattānaṃ bhikkhave sabbapāṇānaṃ sabbabhūtānaṃ pariyāyato ekameva nīvaraṇaṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ avijjā; avijjānīvaraṇā hi sabbe sattā sabbaso ca bhikkhave avijjāya nirodhā cāgā paṭinissaggā natthi sattānaṃ nīvaraṇanti vadāmī"ti. Tena ca paṭhamassa padassa vissajjanā yuttā.

"Kenassu nappakāsatī"ti pañhe "vivicchā pamādā nappakāsatī"ti vissajjanā, yo puggalo nīvaraṇehi nivuto so vivicchati, vivicchā nāma vuccati vicikicchā, so vicikicchanto nābhisaddahati, anabhisadda hanto viriyaṃ nārabhati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya, so idhapamādamanuyutto viharati, pamatto sukke dhamme na upādiyati, tassa te anupādiyamānā nappakāsanti, yathāha bhagavā:

3. "Dūre santo pakāsanti bhimavantoca pabbato,
Asantettha na dissanti rattikhittā-2. Yathā sarā. "

"Te guṇehi pakāsanti kittiyā ca yasena cā"ti. [PTS Page 012] [\q 12/] tena ca dutiyassa padassa vissajjanā yuttā.

"Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsī"ti pañhe- "chappābhilepanaṃ brūmi"ti vissajjanā, chappā nāma vuccati taṇhā, sā kathaṃ abhilimpati; yathāha bhagavā:

"Ratto atthaṃ na jānāti ratto dhammaṃ na passati,
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti yaṃ rāgo sahate tara"nti.

Sā'yaṃ taṇhā āsattibahulassa puggalassa evaṃ abhijappāti karitvā tattha loko abhilitto nāma bhavati. Tena ca tatiyassa padassa vissajjanā yuttā.

1. Vevicchā - machasaṃ.
2. Rattaṃ dhittā -machasaṃ.
[BJT Page 026] [\x 26/]

"Kiṃsu tassa mahabbhaya"nti pañhe "dukkhamassa mahabbhaya"nti vissajjanā. Duvidhaṃ dukkhaṃ: kāyikaṃ ca cetasikaṃ ca. Yaṃ kāyikaṃ idaṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ cetasikaṃ idaṃ domanassaṃ. Sabbe sattā hi dukkhassa ubbijjanti natthi bhayaṃ dukkhena samasamaṃ, kuto vā pana tassa uttaritaraṃ, tisso dukkhatā: dukkhadukkhatā vipariṇāmadukkhatā saṃkhāra dukkhatā; tattha loko odhiso kadāci karahaci dukkhadukkhatāya muccati, tathā vipariṇāmadukkhatāya. Taṃ kissa hetu: honti loke appā bādhāpi dīghāyukāpi. Saṃkhāradukkhatāya pana loko anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā muccati, tasmā saṃsāradukkhatā dukkhaṃ lokassāti katvā dukkhamassa mahabbhayanti. Tena ca catutthassa padassa vissajjanā yuttā. Tenāha bhagavā: "avijjāya nivuto loko"ti.

5. "Svanti sabbadhi sotā (iccāyasmā ajito)
Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ,
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi
Kena sotā pithiyare"ti-1.

Imāni cattāri padāni pucchitāni. Te dve pañhā; kasmā: ime hi bavhadhivacanena pucchitā. [PTS Page 013] [\q 13/] evaṃ samāpannassa lokassa evaṃ saṅkiliṭṭhassa lokassa kiṃ vodānaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ iti: evaṃ hi āha: "savanti sabbadhi sotā"ti. Asamābhitassa savanti abhijjhāvyāpāda pamādabahulassa. Tattha yā abhijjhā ayaṃ lobho akusalamūlaṃ, yo byāpādo ayaṃ doso akusalamūlaṃ, yo pamādo ayaṃ moho akusalamūlaṃ. Tassevaṃ asamāhitassa chasu āyatanesu taṇhā savanti: rūpataṇhā saddataṇhā gandhataṇhā rasataṇhā phoṭṭhabbataṇhā dhammataṇhā. Yathāha bhagavā: "savatīti kho bhikkhave channe'taṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
Cakkhu savati manāpikesu rūpesu, amanāpikesu paṭihaññati,

Sotaṃ savati manāpikesu saddesu, amanāpikesu paṭihaññati,
Ghānaṃ savati manāpikesu gandhesu, amanāpikesu paṭihaññati,
Jivhā savati manāpikesu rasesu, amanāpikesu paṭihaññati,
Kāyo savati manāpikesu phoṭṭhabbesu, amanāpikesu paṭihaññati,
Mano savati manāpikosu dhammesu amanāpikesu paṭihaññatī"ti.

Iti sabbā ca savati sabbathā ca savati. Tenāha: "savanti sabbadhi sotā"ti. "Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇa"nti pariyuṭṭhāna vighātaṃ pucchati, idaṃ vodānaṃ. "Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi kena sotā pithiyare"ti anusayasamugghātaṃ pucachati, idaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ.

Tattha ṅgassajjanā-2.

6. "Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ (ajitāti bhagavā)
Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ,
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi
Paññāyete pithiyare"ti.

1. Pidhiyare - machasaṃ 2. Visajjanā - machasaṃ.

[BJT Page 028] [\x 28/]

Kāyagatāya satiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya cakkhu nāviñchati manāpikesu rūpesu amanāpikesu na paṭihaññati.
Sotaṃ nāviñchati manāpikesu saddesu, amanāpikesu na paṭihaññati, ghānaṃ nāviñchati manāpikesu gandhesu, amanāpikesu na paṭihaññati, jivhā nāviñchati manāpikesu rasesu, amanāpikesu na paṭihaññati, kāyo nāviñchati manāpikesu phoṭṭhabbesu, amanāpikesu na paṭihaññati, mano nāviñchati manāpikesu dhammesu amanāpikesu na paṭihaññatī"ti. Kena kāraṇena saṃvuttanivāritattā [PTS Page 014] [\q 14/] indriyānaṃ, kena te saṃvutā nivāritā: satiārakkhena, tenāha bhagavā: "sati tesaṃ nivāraṇa"nti.

Paññāya anusayā pahīyanti, anusayesu pahīnesu pariyuṭṭhānā pahīyanti, tassa-1. Anusayassa pahīnattā. Taṃ yathā bandhavantassa rukkhassa anavasesamuluddharaṇe kate pupphaphalapavāla-2. Ṅkurasantati samucchinnā bhavati. Pidahitā paṭicchannā, kena: paññāya. Tenāha bhagavā: "paññāyeta pithīyareti"-3.

7. "Paññā ceva satī ca (iccāyasmā ajito)
Nāmarūpaṃ ca mārisa;
Etaṃ me puṭṭho pabrūhi
Katthe'taṃ uparujjhatī"ti.

8. Yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi ajita, taṃ vadāmi te,
Yattha nāmañca rūpañca asesaṃ uparujjhati;
Viññāṇassa nirodhena etthetaṃ uparujjhati"ti

Ayaṃ pañho-4. Anusandhiṃ pucchati, anusandhiṃ pucchanto kiṃ pucchati: anupādisesaṃ nibbānadhātuṃ, tīṇi ca saccāni saṅkhatāni nirodhadhammāni dukkhaṃ samudayo maggo, nirodho asaṅkhato. Tattha samudayo dvisu bhumisu pahīyati: dassana bhumiyā ca bhāvanābhumiyā ca. Dassanena tīṇi saṃyojanāni pahīyanti: sakkāyadiṭṭhi vicikicchā sīlabbataparāmāso: bhāvanāya sattasaṃyojanāni pahīyanti: kāmacchando byāpādo rūparāgo arūparāgo māno uddhaccaṃ avijjā ca niravasesā-5. Tedhātuke imāni dasa saññojanāni, pañcorambhāgiyāni pañcuddhambhāgiyāni. [PTS Page 015] [\q 15/] tattha tīṇi saṃyojanāni sakkāyadiṭṭhi vicikicchā sīlabbataparāmāso anaññātaññāssāmītindriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirujjhanti, satta saṃyojanāni kāmacchando bayāpādo rūparāgo arūparāgo māno uddhaccaṃ avijjā ca niravasesā aññindriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirujjhanti.
Yaṃ pana evaṃ jānāti: "khīṇā me jātī"ti idaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā"ti pajānāti idaṃ anuppāde ñāṇaṃ, imāni dve ñāṇāni aññātāvindriyaṃ, tattha yañca anaññātaññassāmitīndriyaṃ yañca aññindriyaṃ imāni aggaphalaṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇantassa nirujjhanti. Tattha yañca khaye ñāṇaṃ yaṃ ca

1. Kissa - machasaṃ. 2. Pallava - machasaṃ. 3. Vidhīyareti - machasaṃ 4. Pañhe - machasaṃ 5. Avijjāvasesā - machasaṃ

[BJT Page 030] [\x 30/]

Anuppāde ñāṇaṃ imāni dve ñāṇāni ekā paññā, api ca ārammaṇasaṃketena dve nāmāni labhanti: khīṇā me jātīti pajānantassa khaye ñāṇanti nāmaṃ labhati; nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānantassa anuppāde ñāṇaṃ'ti nāmaṃ labhati. Sā pajānanaṭṭhena paññā yathādiṭṭhaṃ apilāpanaṭṭhena sati.

Tattha ye pañcupādānakkhandhā idaṃ nāmarūpaṃ. Tattha ye phassapañcamakā dhammā idaṃ nāmaṃ, yāni pañcindriyāni rūpāni idaṃ rūpaṃ, tadubhayaṃ nāmarūpaṃ viññāṇasampayuttaṃ. Tassa nirodhaṃ bhagavantaṃ pucchanto āyasmā ajito pārāyane evamāha.

9. "Paññā ceva sati ca (iccāyasmā ajito) nāmarūpañca mārisa,
Etaṃ me puṭṭho pabrūhi katthe'taṃ uparujjhatī"ti.

Tattha sati ca paññā ca cattāri indriyāni, sati dve indriyāni: satindriyaṃ ca samādhindriyaṃ ca, paññā dve indriyāni: paññindriyaṃ ca viriyindriyaṃ ca yā imesu catusu indriyesu saddahanā okappanā idaṃ saddhindriyaṃ.

Tattha yā saddhādhipatateyyā cittekaggacatā ayaṃ chandasamādhi, samāhite citte kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanatāya paṭisaṅkhānabalena vā bhāvanābalena vā idaṃ pahānaṃ-1. [PTS Page 016 [\q 16/] ,] tattha ye assāsapassāsā vitakkavicārā saññāvedayitā sarasaṅkappā ime saṅkhārā, iti purimako ca chandasamādhi kilesavikkhambhanatāya ca pahānaṃ ime ca saṅkhārā, tadubhayaṃ chandasamādhipadhānasaṃkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ.

Tattha yā viriyādhipatateyyā cittekaggatā ayaṃ viriyasamādhi, samāhite citte kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanatāya paṭisaṅkhānabalena vā bhāvanābalena vā idaṃ pahānaṃ tattha ye assāsapassāsā vitakkavicārā saññāvedayitā sarasaṅkappā ime saṅkhārā, iti purimako ca viriyasamādhi kilesavikkhambhanatāya ca pahānaṃ ime ca saṅkhārā, tadubhayaṃ viriyasamādhipadhānasaṃkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ.

Tattha yā cittādhipatateyyā cittekaggatā ayaṃ cittasamādhi, samāhite citte kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanatāya paṭisaṅkhānabalena vā bhāvanābalena vā idaṃ pahānaṃ tattha ye assāsapassāsā vitakkavicārā saññāvedayitā sarasaṅkappā ime saṅkhārā, iti purimako ca cittasamādhi kilesavikkhambhanatāya ca pahānaṃ ime ca saṅkhārā, tadubhayaṃ cittasamādhipadhānasaṃkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ.

Tattha yā vīmaṃsādhipatateyyā cittekaggatā ayaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhi, samāhite citte kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanatāya paṭisaṅkhānabalena vā bhāvanābalena vā idaṃ pahānaṃ tattha ye assāsapassāsā vitakkavicārā saññāvedayitā sarasaṅkappā ime saṅkhārā, iti purimako ca vīmaṃsāsamādhi kilesavikkhambhanatāya ca pahānaṃ ime ca saṅkhārā, tadubhayaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṃkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Sabbo samādhi ñāṇamūlako ñāṇapubbaṅgamo ñāṇānuparivatti.

1. Padhānaṃ - pu.

[BJT Page 032] [\x 32/]

10. Yathā pure tathā pacchā yathā pacchā tathā pure,
Yathā divā tathā rattiṃ yathā rattiṃ tathā divā.

Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Pañcindriyāni kusalāni cittasahabhuni citte uppajjamāne uppajjanti, citte nirujjhamāne nirujjhanti. Nāmarūpaṃ ca viññāṇahetukaṃ viññāṇapaccayanibbattaṃ. Tassa maggena hetu upacchinno, viññāṇaṃ anāhāraṃ anahinanditaṃ apatthitaṃ appatthitaṃ appaṭisandhikaṃ, taṃ nirajajjhati, nāmarūpampi ahetukaṃ appaccayaṃ punabbhavaṃ na nibbattayati, [PTS Page 017] [\q 17/] evaṃ viññāṇassa nirodhā paññā ca sati ca nāmarūpañca nirujjhati. Tenāha bhagavā:

11. "Yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi ajita taṃ vadāmi te,
Yattha nāmaṃ ca rūpañca asesaṃ uparujjhati,
Viññāṇassa nirodhena etthe'taṃ uparujjhatī"ti.

12. "Ye ca saṅkhātadhammāse (iccayasmā ajito)
Ye ca sekhā puthu idha,
Tesaṃ me nipako iriyaṃ puṭṭho pabrūhi mārisā"ti

Imāni tīṇi padāni pucchitāni. Te tayo pañhā, kissa: sekhāsekha vipassanāpubbaṅgamapahānayogena. Evañhi āha: "ye ca saṅkhāta dhammāse"ti arahantaṃ-1. Pucchati. "Ye ca sekhā puthu idhā"ti sekhaṃ pucchati. "Tesaṃ me nipako iriyaṃ puṭṭho pabrūhi mārisā"ti vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ pahānaṃ pucchati. Tattha vissajjanā:

13. "Kāmesu nābhigijjheyya (ajitāti bhagavā)
Manasā nivilo siyā,
Kusalo sabbadhammānaṃ sato bhikkhū paribbaje"ti.

Bhagavato sabbaṃ kāyakammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatti, sabbaṃ vacīkammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatti, sabbaṃ manokammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatti, atīte aṃse appaṭihataṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ, anāgate aṃse appaṭihataṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ, paccuppanne aṃse appaṭihataṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ.

1. Arahattaṃ - sīmu, machasaṃ.

[BJT Page 034] [\x 34/]

Ko ca ñāṇadassanassa paṭighāto: [PTS Page 018] [\q 18/] yaṃ anicce dukkhe anattaniye-1. Ca aññānaṃ adassanaṃ, ayaṃ ñāṇadassanassa paṭighāto. Yathā idha puriso tārakarūpāni passeyya no ca gaṇanasaṅkatena jāneyya, ayaṃ ñāṇadassanassa paṭighāto. Bhagavato pana appaṭihataṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ, anāvaraṇañāṇadassanā hi buddhā bhagavanto.

Tattha sekhena dvīsu dhammesu cittaṃ rakkhitabbaṃ: gedhā ca rajanīyesu dhammosu dosā ca pariyuṭṭhāniyesu. Tattha yā icchā mucchā patthanā pihāyanā-2. Kīḷanā, taṃ bhagavā cārento evamāha: "kāmesu nābhigijjheyyā"ti.

"Manasā nāvilo siyā"ti pariyuṭṭhānavighātaṃ āha.

Tathā hi: sekho abhigijjhanto asamuppannaṃ ca kilesaṃ uppādeti uppannaṃ ca kilesaṃ phātikaroti yo pana anāvilasaṅkappo anabhigijjhanto vāyamati, so anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalanaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, so uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, so anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, so uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhīyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.

Katame ca anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā: kāmavitakko vyāpādavitakko vihiṃsāvitakko, ime anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā. Katame uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā: anusayā akusala mūlāni, ime uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā. Katame anuppannā kusalā dhammā: yāni sotāpannassa indriyāni, ime anuppannā kusalā dhammā. [PTS Page 019] [\q 19/] katame uppannā kusalādhammā: yāni aṭṭhamakassa indriyāni ime uppannā kusalā dhammā, yena kāmavitakkāṃ vāreti idaṃ satindriyaṃ, yena vyāpādavitakkaṃ cāreti idaṃ samādhīndriyaṃ, yena vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ cāreti idaṃ viriyindriyaṃ, yena uppannuppannena pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti idaṃ paññindriyaṃ, yā imesu catusu indriyesu saddahanā okappanā idaṃ saddhīndriyaṃ. Tattha saddhindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ: catusu sotāpattiaṅgesu viriyindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ: catusu sammappadhānesu. Satindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ: catusu satipaṭṭhānesu, samādhindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ catusu jhānesu. Paññindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ: catusu ariya saccesu. Evaṃ sekho sabbehi kusalehi dhammehi appamatto vutto bhagavatā, anāvilatāya manasā. Tenāha bhagavā: manasā nāvilo siyā"ti.

1. Anattani - machasaṃ. 2. Piyāyanā - machasaṃ
[BJT Page 036] [\x 36/]

"Kusalo sabbadhammāna"nti loko nāma tividho: kilesaloko bhavaloko indriyaloko. Tattha kilesalokena bhavaloko samudāgacchati, so indriyāni nibbatteti, indriyesu bhāviyamānesu neyyassa pariññā bhavati. Sā duvidhena upaparikkhitabbā: dassana pariññāya ca bhāvanāpariññāya ca. Yadā hi sekho ñeyyaṃ parijānāti tadā nibbidāsahagatehi saññāmanasikārehi neyyaṃ pariññātaṃ bhavati. Tassa dve dhammā kosallaṃ gacchanti: dassanakosallañca bhāvanā kosallañca.

Taṃ ñāṇaṃ pañcavidhena veditabbaṃ: abhiññā pariññā pahānaṃ bhāvanā sacchikiriyā. [PTS Page 020] [\q 20/] tattha katamā abhiññā: yaṃ dhammānaṃ salakkhaṇe-1. Ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā atthapaṭisambhidā ca, ayaṃ abhiññā. Tattha katamā pariññā: evaṃ abhijānitvā yā parijānanā idaṃ kusalaṃ idaṃ akusalaṃ idaṃ sāvajjaṃ idaṃ anavajjaṃ idaṃ kaṇhaṃ idaṃ sukkaṃ idaṃ sevitabbaṃ idaṃ na sevitabbaṃ, ime dhammā evaṃ gahitā idaṃ phalaṃ nibbattenti tesaṃ evaṃ gahitānaṃ ayaṃ atthoti, ayaṃ pariññā. Evaṃ parijānitvā tayo dhammā avasiṭṭhā bhavanti: pahātabbā bhāvetabbā sacchikātābbā ca. Tattha katame dhammā pahātabbā; ye akusalā. Tattha katame dhammā bhāvetabbā; ye kusalā. Tattha katame dhammā sacchikātabbā; yaṃ asaṅkhataṃ-2. , Yo evaṃ jānāti, uyaṃ vuccati atthakusalo dhammakusalo kalyāṇakusalo phalatākusalo āyakusalo apāyakusalo upayākusalo mahatā kosallena samannāgatoti. Tenāha bhagavā: "kusalo sabbadhammāna"nti.

"Sato bhikkhu pibbaje"ti tena diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ abhikkante paṭikkante ālokite vilokite sammiñjite-3. Pasārite saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe asite pīte khāyite sāyite uccārapassāvakamme gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve satena sampajānena vihātabbaṃ. Imā dve cariyā anuññātā bhagavatā: ekā visuddhānaṃ ekā visujjhantānaṃ ke visuddhā: arahanto, ke visujjhantā: sekhā. Katakiccāni hi arahato indriyāni.

Yaṃ bojjhaṃ taṃ catubbidhaṃ: dukkhassa pariññābhisamayena, samudayassa pahānābhisamayena, maggassa bhāvanābhisamayena, nirodhassa saccachikiriyābhi samayena, idaṃ catubbidhaṃ bojjhaṃ. Yo evaṃ jānāti ayaṃ [PTS Page 021] [\q 21/] vuccati sato abhikkamati sato paṭikkamati khayā rāgassa khayā dosassa khayā mohassa. Tenāha bhagavā: "sato bhikkhu paribbaje"ti. Tenāha:
14. "Kamesu nābhigijjheyya (ajitāti bhagavā) manasā nivilo siyā,
Kusalo sabbadhammānaṃ sato bhikkhuparibbaje"ti.

1. Sallakkhaṇe - sīmu. 2. Yā asaṃkhatādhātu - a. 3. Samiñjite - machasaṃ
[BJT Page 038] [\x 38/]

Evaṃ pucchitabbaṃ evaṃ vissajjitabbaṃ suttassa ca anugīti atthato ca byañjanato ca samānayitabbā-1. Atthāpagataṃ hi byañjanaṃ samphappalāpaṃ bhavati. Dunnikkhittassa padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo bhavati. Tasmā byañjanūpetaṃ-2. Saṅgāyitabbaṃ suttaṃ ca pavicinitabbaṃ kiṃ idaṃ suttaṃ āhaccavacanaṃ anusandhivacanaṃ nītatthaṃ neyyatthaṃ saṃkilesa bhāgiyaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ asekhabhāgiyaṃ, kuhiṃ imassa suttassa sabbāni saccāni passitabbāni, ādimajjhapariyosāne'ti. Evaṃ suttaṃ pavicetabbaṃ.
Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāno: "yaṃ pucchītaṃ ca vissajjitañca suttassa yā ca anugītī"ti.
Niyutto vicayo hāro.

3. 1. 3
Yuttihāravibhaṅgo

Tattha katamo yuttibhāro: "sabbesaṃ bhārāna"nti ayaṃ yuttihāro. Kiṃ yojeti-3. : Cattāro mahāpadesā: buddhāpadeso saṅghāpadeso sambahulattherāpadeso ekattherāpadeso: ime cattāro mahāpadesā. Tāni padabyañjanāni sutte otārayitabbāni, vinaye sandassayitabbāni, dhammatāyaṃ upanikkhipitabbāni. [PTS Page 022] [\q 22/] katamasmiṃ sutte otārayitabbāni: catusu ariyasaccesu. Katamasmiṃ vinaye sandassayitabbāni: rāgavinaye dosavinaye mohavinaye. Katamiyaṃ-4. Dhammatāyaṃ upanikkhipitabbāni: paṭiccasamuppāda. Yadi catusu ariyasaccesu avatarati kilesavinaye sandissati dhammatañca na vilometi, evaṃ āsave na janeti. Catūhi mahāpadesehi yaṃ yaṃ yujjati yena yena yujjati yathā yathā yujjati taṃ taṃ gahetabbaṃ.
Pañhaṃ pucchitena kati padāni pañhoti padaso pariyo gāhitabbaṃ vicetabbaṃ. Yadi sabbāni padāni ekaṃ atthaṃ abhivadanti, eko pañho. Atha cattāri padāni ekaṃ ataṃ abhivadanti, eko pañho. Atha tīṇi padāni ekaṃ abhivadanti, eko pañho. Taṃ upaparikkhamānena aññātabbaṃ: kiṃ ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā, udāhu imesaṃ dhammānaṃ eko attho byañjanameva nānanti. Yathā kiṃ bhave? Yathā sā devatā bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ pucchati.

1. Samānetabbā - machasaṃ. 2. Atthabyañjanūpetaṃ - sīmu, machasaṃ, 3. Yojayati - machasaṃ 4. Katamissaṃ - machasaṃ

[BJT Page 040] [\x 40/]

1. "Kenassubbhāhato loko kenassu paricārito,
Kena sallena otiṇṇo kissa dhūpāyito sadā"ti

Imāni cattāri padāni pucchitāni. Te tayo pañhā. Kathaṃ ñāyati bhagavā hi devatāya vissajjeti.

2. "Maccunābbhāhato loko jarāya paricārito,
Taṇhāsallena otiṇṇo icchādhupāyito sadā"ti.

Tattha jarā ca maraṇañca imāni dve saṅkhatassa saṅkhatalakkhaṇāni, jarāyāṃ ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ maraṇaṃ vayo. Tattha jarāya ca maraṇassa ca atthato nānattaṃ, kena kāraṇena: [PTS Page 023] [\q 23/] gabbhagatāpi hi miyanti na ca te jiṇṇā bhavanti, atati ca devānaṃ maraṇaṃ na ca tesaṃ sarīrāni jiranti. Sakkateva jarāya paṭikammaṃ kātuṃ na pana sakkate maraṇassa paṭikammaṃ kātuṃ, aññatreva iddhimantānaṃ iddhivisayā.

Yaṃ panāha: "taṇhāsallena otiṇṇo"ti. Dissanti vītarāgā jirantāpi miyantāpi, yadi ca yathā jarāmaraṇaṃ evaṃ taṇhāpi siyā. Evaṃ sante sabbe yobbanaṭṭhāpi vigatataṇhā siyuṃ, yathāca taṇhā dukkhassa samudayo evaṃ jarāmaraṇampi siyā dukkhassa samudayo, na ca siyā taṇhā dukkhassa samudayā naibhi jarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhassa samudayo, yathā ca taṇhā maggavajjhā evaṃ jarāmaraṇampi siyā maggavajjhāṃ. Imāya yuttiyā aññamaññehi kāraṇehi gavesitabbaṃ.

Yadi ca sandissati yuttisamāruḷhaṃ atthato ca aññattaṃ, byañjana topi gavesitabbaṃ: salloti vā dhūpāyananti vā imesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthato ekattaṃ, na hi yujjati icchāya ca taṇhāya ca atthato aññattaṃ. Taṇhāya adhippāye aparipūramāne navasu aghātavatthusu kodho ca upanāho ca uppajjati. Imāya yuttiyā jarāya ca maraṇassa ca taṇhāya ca atto aññattaṃ.

Yaṃ panidaṃ bhagavatā dvīhi nāmehi abhilapitaṃ 'icchā'tipi 'taṇhā'tipi, idaṃ bhagavatā bāhirānaṃ vatthunaṃ ārammaṇavasena dvīhi nāmehi ahilapitaṃ "icchā"tipi "taṇhā"tipi. Sabbā hi taṇhā ajjhosānalakkhaṇena eka lakkhaṇo, yathā sabbo aggi uṇahattalakkhaṇena eka lakkhaṇo, api ca upādānavasena aññamaññāni nāmāni labhati: 'kaṭṭhaggī'tipi tiṇaggī'tipi 'sakalikaggī'tipi 'gomayaggī'tipi 'thusaggī'tipi 'saṃkāraggī'tipi, sabbo hi aggī uṇhattalakkhaṇova, evaṃ sabbā taṇhā ajjhosānalakkhaṇena [PTS Page 024] [\q 24/] ekalakkhaṇā. Api tu ārammaṇaupādānavasena aññamaññehi nāmehi ahila tā: "icchā" itipi "taṇhā" itipi "sallo" itipi "dhupayānā" itipi "saritā" itipi "visattikā" itipi "sineho" itipi "kilamatho"

[A.] Devatāputta - atthavagga

[BJT Page 042] [\x 42/]

Itipi 'latā' itipi 'maññanā' itipi 'bandho' itipi 'āsā' itipi 'pipāsā' itipi 'abhinandanā' itipi. Sabbā hi taṇhā ajjhosānalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇā, yathā ca vevacane vuttā:

3. "Āsā pihā ca-1. Abhinandanā ca
Anekadhātusu sarā patiṭṭhitā,
Aññāṇamūlappabhavā pajappitā
Sabbā mayā byantikatā samūlakā-2. "Ti.

Taṇhāyetaṃ vevacanaṃ, yathāha bhagavā: "rūpe tissa avigatarāgassa avigatachandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa avigatataṇhassa, (evaṃ)
Vedanāya avigatarāgassa avigatachandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa avigatataṇhassa,
Saññāya avigatarāgassa avigatachandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa avigatataṇhassa,
Saṅkhāresu avigatarāgassa avigatachandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa avigatataṇhassa,
Viññāṇe avigatarāgassa avigatachandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa avigatataṇhassa, (sabbaṃ suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ) taṇhāyetaṃ vevacanaṃ, evaṃ yujja ti.
Sabbo dukkhūpacāro kāmataṇhāsaṅkhāramūlako, na pana yujjati sabbo nibbidūpacāro kāmataṇhāparikkhāmūlako, imāya yuntiyā aññamaññehi kāraṇehi gavesitabbaṃ.

Yathā hi-3. Bhagavā rāgacaritassa puggalassa asubhaṃ deseti. Dosa caritassa bhagavā puggalassa mettaṃ deseti, mohacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa paṭiccasamuppādaṃ deseti, yadi hi bhagavā rāgacaritassa puggalassa mettaṃ cetovimuttiṃ deseyya sukhaṃ vā paṭipadaṃ dandhābhiññaṃ sukhaṃ vā paṭipadaṃ dhippābhiññaṃ vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ vā pahānaṃ deseyya, na yujjati desanā. Evaṃ yaṃ kiñci rāgassa anulomappahānaṃ dosassa anulomappahānaṃ [PTS Page 025] [\q 25/] mohassa anulomappahānaṃ sabbaṃ ta ṃ vicayena hārena vicinitvā yuttiyahārena yojetabbaṃ yāvatikā ñāṇassa bhumi.

Mettāvihārissa sato vyāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, bayāpādo pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā karuṇāvihārissa sato vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, vihesā pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Muditā vihārissa sato arati cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, arati pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Upekkhāvihārissa sato rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, rāgo pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Animittavihārissa sato nimittānusāri tena teneva viññāṇaṃ pavattatīti na yujjati desanā, nimittappahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Asmiti

1. Pipāsi - sīmu.
2. Samūlikā - sīmu.
3. Yathā ha - sīmu.

[BJT Page 044] [\x 44/]

Vigataṃ, ayamahasmiti na samanupassāmi. Atha ca pana me kismiti kathasmiti vicikicchā kathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, vicikicchā kathaṃkathāsallaṃ pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā.

Yathā vā pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato kāmarāgabyāpādā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Avitakkasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato vitakkavicārasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvāttantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Upekkhā sukhasahagatā vā saññā manasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. [PTS Page 026] [\q 26/] tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato pītisukhasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Upekkhāsati pārisuddhisahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, misesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato upekkhāsukhasahagatā saññā manasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā, ākāsānañcāyatanasahagatā vā saññā manasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā.

Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato rūpasahagatā saññā manasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Viññāṇañcāyatanasahagatā vā saññā manasikārā hānāya saṃvattāntīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato ākāsānañcāyatanasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Ākiñcaññāyatanasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato viññāṇañcāyatana sahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato saññūpacārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Saññāvedayitanirodhasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā. Visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Kallatāparicitaṃ cittaṃ na ca abhinīhāraṃ khamatīti na yujjati desanā, kallatāparicitaṃ cittaṃ atha ca abhinīhāraṃ khamatīti yujjati desanā. Evaṃ sabbe nava suttantā yathādhammaṃ yathāvinayaṃ [PTS Page 027] [\q 27/] yathāsatthusāsanaṃ sabbato vicayena bhārena vivinitvā yuttihārena yojetabbā'ti. Tenāha āyasmā mahākāccāno: "sabbesaṃ hārānaṃ yā bhumi yo ca gocaro tesaṃ"ti.

Niyutto yuttihāro.

[BJT Page 046] [\x 46/]

3. 1. 4
Padaṭṭhānahāravibhaṅgo

Tattha katamo padaṭṭhāno hāro: "dhammaṃ deseti jino"ti ayaṃ padaṭṭhāno hāro. Kiṃ deseti: sabbadhammayāthāva asampaṭivedhalakkhaṇā avijjā, tassā vipallāsā padaṭṭhānaṃ ajjhesānalakkhaṇā taṇhā, tassā piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Patthanalakkhaṇo lobho, tassa adinnādānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vaṇṇasaṇṭhānabyañjanahanalakkhaṇo subhasaññā tassā indriyāsaṃvaro padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sāsavaphassa upagamanalakkhaṇā sukhasaññā, tassā assādo padaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅkhatalakkhaṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ asamanupassanalakkhaṇā niccasaññā, tassā viññāṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Aniccasaññā dukkhasaññā asamanupassanalakkhaṇā attasaññā, tassā nāmakadāyo padaṭṭhānaṃ.

Sabbadhammasampaṭivedhalakkhaṇā vijjā, tassā sabbaṃ neyyaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Cittavikkhepa paṭisaṃharaṇalakkhaṇo samatho, tassa asubhā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Icchāvacarapaṭisaṃharaṇalakkhaṇo alobho. Tassa adinnādānā veramaṇī padaṭṭhānaṃ. Abyāpajjha-1. Lakkhaṇo adoso, tassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī padaṭṭhānaṃ. Catthu avippaṭipādana-2. Lakkhaṇo amoho. Tassa sammāpaṭipatti padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vinīlakavipubbakagahanalakkhaṇā asubhasaññā, tassā nibbidā padaṭṭhānaṃ; sāsavaphassa parijānanalakkhaṇā dukkhasaññā, tassā vedanā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅkhatalakkhaṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ samanupassanalakkhaṇā [PTS Page 028] [\q 28/] aniccasaññā, tassā uppādavayā padaṭṭhānaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ abhinivesalakkhaṇā anattasaññā, tassā dhammasaññā padaṭṭhānaṃ.

Pañcakāmaguṇā kāmarāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Pañcindriyāni rūpīni rūparāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ chaṭṭhāyatanaṃ bhavarāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Nibbattibhāvānupassitā pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Pubbenivāsānussati ñāṇadassanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ.

Okappalakkhaṇā saddhā, adhimuttipaccupaṭṭhānā ca anāvilalakkhaṇo pasādo, saṃpasīdanapaccupaṭṭhāno ca. Abhipattiyana-3. Lakkhaṇā saddhā, tassā aveccappasādo, padaṭṭhānā. Anāvilalakkhaṇo pasādo tassa saddhā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Arāmbhalakkhaṇaṃ viriyaṃ, tassa sammappadhānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ apilāpanalakkhaṇā sati, tassā satipaṭṭhānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ekaggalakkhaṇo samādhi, tassa jhānāni padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sampajānanalakkhaṇā paññā, tassā saccāni padaṭṭhānaṃ.

1. Abyāpajja - machasaṃ
2. Avippaṭipatti - machasaṃ
3. Abhipatthiyana - sīmu.

[BJT Page 048] [\x 48/]

Aparo nayo: assādamanasikāralakkhāṇo ayoniso manasikāro, tassa avijjaja padaṭṭhānaṃ. Saccasammohanalakkhaṇā avijjā, sā saṅkhārānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Punabbhavavirohaṇalakkhaṇā saṅkhārā, te viññāṇassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Opapaccayikanibbattilakkhaṇaṃ viññāṇaṃ, taṃ nāmarūpassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Nāmakāyarūpakāyasaṅghatalakkhaṇaṃ nāma rūpaṃ, taṃ saḷāyatanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Indriyavavatthānalakkhaṇaṃ saḷāyatanaṃ, taṃ phassassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Cakkhurūpaviññāṇasannipātalakkhaṇo phasso. So vedanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ: iṭṭhāniṭṭhānubhavanalakkhaṇā vedanā sā taṇhāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ajjhosānalakkhanā taṇhā, sā upādānassapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Opapaccayikaṃ upādānaṃ, taṃ bhavassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Nāmakāyarūpakāyasambhavanalakkhaṇo. Bhavo, so [PTS Page 029] [\q 29/] jātiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ khandhānaṃ pātubhavanalakkhaṇā jāti, sā jarāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Upadhiparipākalakkhaṇā jarā, sā maraṇassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Jīvitindriyaupacchedalakkhaṇaṃ maraṇaṃ, taṃ sokassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ussukkakārako soko, so paridevassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Lālappakārako paridevo, so dukkhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Kāyasampīḷanaṃ dukkhaṃ, taṃ domanassassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Cittapīḷanaṃ domanassaṃ, taṃ upāyāsassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Odahanakārako upāyāso, so bhavassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Imāni bhavaṅgāni yadā samaggāni nibbattāni bhavanti so bhavo, taṃ saṃsārassa padaṭṭhānaṃ.

Nīyyanikalakkhaṇo maggo, so nirodhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Titthaññutā pitaññutāya daṭṭhānaṃ. Pitaññutā mattaññutāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Mattaññutā attaññutāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Attaññutā pubbekatapuñāñatāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, pubbekatapuññatā patirūpadesavāsassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Patirūpadesavāso sappurisūpanissayassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sappurisūpanissayo attasammāpaṇidhāssa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Attasammā paṇidhānaṃ sīlānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sīlāni avippaṭisārassa padaṭṭhānaṃ avippaṭisāro pāmujjassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Pāmūjjaṃ pītiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Pīti passaddhiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Passaddhi sukhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sukhaṃ samādhissa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Samādhi yathābhūtañāṇadassanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Yathābhūta ñāṇadassanaṃ nibbidāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Nibbidā virāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Virāgo vimuttiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vimutti vimuttiñāṇadassanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Evaṃ yo koci upanissayo yo koci paccayo sabbo so padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāno: "dhammaṃ deseti jino"ti.

Niyutto padaṭṭhāno hāro. [PTS Page 030] [\q 30/]
[BJT Page 050] [\x 50/]

3. 1. 5
Lakkhaṇahāravihaṅgo

Tattha katamo lakkhaṇo hāro: vuttamhi ekadhamme"ti ayaṃ lakkhaṇo hāro. Kiṃ lakkhayati; ye dhamma ekalakkhaṇā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ekasmiṃ dhamme vutte avasiṭṭhā dhammā vuttā bhavanti. Yathā kiṃ bhave; yatāha bhagavā: "cakkhuṃ bhikkhave anavaṭṭhitaṃ ittaraṃ parittaṃ pabhaṅgu parato dukkhaṃ byasanaṃ calaṃ kukkulaṃ saṅkhāraṃ vadhakaṃ amittamajjhe". Imasmiṃ cakkhusmiṃ vutte avasiṭṭhāni ajjhattikāni āyatanāni vuttāni bhavanti. Kena kāraṇena; sabbāni hi cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni vadhakaṭṭhena ekalakkhaṇāni.

Yathā cāha bhagavā: "atīte rādha, rūpe anapekkho hohi, anāgataṃ rūpaṃ mā abhinandi paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya cāgāya paṭinissaggāya paṭipajja, imasmiṃ rūpakkhendhe vutte avasiṭṭhā khandhā vuttā bhavanti. Kena kāraṇena: sabbe hi pañcakkhandhā yamakovādasutte vadha)kaṭṭhena ekalakkhaṇā vuttā yathā cāha bhagavā:

1. "Yesaṃ ca susamāraddhā niccaṃ kāyagatā sati,
Akiccaṃ tena sevanti kicce sātaccakārino"

Iti kāyagatāya satiyā vuttāya vuttā bhavanti vedanāgatā sati cittagatā sati dhammagatā ca. Tathā 'yaṃ kiñci diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā mutaṃ vā"ti vutte vuttaṃ bhavati viññātaṃ.
Yathā cāha bhagavā:[PTS Page 031] [\q 31/] "tasmātiha tvaṃ bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati: ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpi sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpi sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassasaṃ, dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpi sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. "

"Ātāpī" ti viriyindriyaṃ; "sampajāno" ti paññindriyaṃ; "satimā" ti satindriyaṃ; "vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ"ti samādhindriyaṃ; evaṃ kāye kāyānupassino viharato cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Kena kāraṇena: ekalakkhaṇattā catunnaṃ indriyānaṃ. Catusu satipaṭṭhānesu bhāviyamānesu cattāro sammappadhānā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Catusu sammappadhānesu bhāviyamānesu cattāro iddhipādā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Catusu iddhipādesu bhāviyamānesu pañcindriyāni bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Pañcasu indriyesu bhāviyamānesu pañca balāni bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Pañcasu balesu bhāviyamānesu satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Sattasu bojjhaṅgesu bhāviyamānesu ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchati. Sabbe ca-1. Bodhaṅgamā dhammā bodhipakkhiyā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Kena kāraṇena: sabbe hi bodhaṅgamā dhammā-2. Bodhipakkhiyā nīyānika-3. Lakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇā. Te ekalakkhaṇattā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti.

1. Sabbeva - machasaṃ.
2. Bojjhaṅgā dhammā - sīmu.
3. Niyyānika - machasaṃ, neyyānika- pu.

[BJT Page 052] [\x 52/]

Evaṃ akusalā dhammā ekalakkhaṇattā pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchanti: catusu satipaṭṭhānesu bhāviyamānesu vipallāsā pahīyanti, āhārā cassa pariññaṃ gacchanti, upādānehi anupādāno bhavati, yogehi ca visaṃyutto bhavati, gatthahi ca vippayutto bhavati, āsavehi ca anāsavo bhavati oghehi ca nittiṇṇo bhavati, sallehi ca visallo bhavati, viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo cassa pariññaṃ gacchanti, agatigamanehi ca na agatiṃ gacchati, [PTS Page 032] [\q 32/] evaṃ akusalāpi dhammā ekalakkhaṇattā pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchanti.

Yattha vā pana rūpīndriyaṃ desitaṃ, desitā tattheva rūpadhātu rūpakkhandho rūpañcāyatanaṃ. Yattha vā pana sukhā vedanā desitā, desitaṃ tattha sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ dukkhasamudayo ca ariyasaccaṃ. Yattha vā pana dukkhā vedanā desitā, desitaṃ tattha dukkhindriyaṃ domanassindriyaṃ dukkhaṃ ca ariyasaccaṃ. Yattha vā pana adukkhamasukhā vedanā desitā, desitaṃ tattha upekkhindriyaṃ sabbo ca paṭiccasamuppādo. Kena kāraṇena: adukkhamasukhāya hi vedanāya avijjā anuseti, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. So ca sarāga-sadosa-samohasaṃkilesapakkhena hātabbo. Vītarāga-vītadosa-vītamoha ariyadhammehi hātabbo.
Evaṃ ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā kiccato ca lakkhaṇato ca sāmaññato ca cutupapātato ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ekasmiṃ dhamme vutte avasiṭṭhā dhammā vuttā bhavanti. Tenāha āyasmā mahā kaccāno: "vuttamhi ekadhamme"ti.

Niyutto lakkhaṇo hāro.

3. 1. 6
Catubyuhahāravibhaṅgo

Tattha katamo catubyūho hāro: "neruttamadhippāyo"ti ayaṃ byañjanena suttassa neruttañca adhippāyo ca nidānañca pubbāparasandhi ca gavesitabbā. [PTS Page 033 [\q 33/] -1.]

1. Gavesitabbo - machasaṃ

[BJT Page 054] [\x 54/]

1. Tattha katamaṃ neruttaṃ; yā nirutti padasaṃhitā yaṃ dhammānaṃ nāmasoñāṇaṃ, yadā hi bhikkhu atthassa nāmaṃ jānāti dhammassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti, tathā tathā naṃ abhiniropeti, ayaṃ vuccati atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo desanākusalo atītādhivacanakusalo anāgatādhivacanakusalo paccuppannādhivacanakusalo itthādhivacanakusalo purisādhivacanakusalo napuṃsakādhivacanakusalo ekadhivacanakusalo anekādhivacanakusalo. Evaṃ sabbānipi kātabbāni janapadaneruttāni sabbā ca janapada niruttiyo, ayaṃ nirutti padasaṃhitā.

2. Tattha katamo adhippāyo;

1. "Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ
Chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle,
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe
Na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī"ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo; ye apāyehi parimuccitukāmā bhavissanti te dhammacārino bhavissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

2. "Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto
Sakammunā haññate-1. Bajjhate ca,
Evaṃ ayaṃ pecca pajā parattha
Sakammunā haññate-1. Bajjhate cā"ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo; saṃcetanikānaṃ katānaṃ kammānaṃ upacitānaṃ dukkhavedanīyānaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ asātaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhavissatīti, ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

3. "Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati,
Attano sukhamesāno pecca so na labhate sukhanti",

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo; ye sukhena atthikā bhavissanti te pāpakammaṃ na karissa6ntīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo. [PTS Page 034] [\q 34/]

4. "Middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso ca
Niddāyitā samparivattasāyī,
Mahāvarāhoca nivāpapuṭṭho
Punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando"ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo; ye jarāmaraṇena aṭṭīyitukāmā bhavissanti te bhavissanti bhojane mattaññuno indriyesu guttadvāro pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogamanuyuttā vīpassa kā kusalesu dhammesu sa gāravā ca sabrahammacārīsu theresu navesu majjhamesūti. Ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.

1. Bhaññati -machasaṃ

[BJT Page 056] [\x 56/]

5. "Appamādo amatapadaṃ pamādo maccuno padaṃ
Appamattā na miyanti ye pamattā yathā matā"ti.

Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo; ye amatapariyesanaṃ pariyesitukāmā bhavissanti te appamattā viharissantīti, ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo. Ayaṃ adhippāyo.

3. Tattha katamaṃ nidānaṃ; yathā so dhaniyo gopālako bhagavantaṃ āha:

6. "Nandati puttehi puttimā
Gomiko gohi tatheva nandati,
Upadhīhi narassa nandanā
Na hi so nandati yo nirūpadhī"ti.

Bhagavā āha:

7. "Socati puttehi puttimā
Gomiko gohi tatheva socati,
Upadhīhi narassa6 socanā
Na hi so socati yo nirūpadhi"ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati: idha bhagavā bāhirā pariggahaṃ upadhiṃ āhāti.

Yathā ca māro pāpimā gijjhakūṭā pabbatā puthusīlaṃ pātesi bhagavā āha: [PTS Page 035] [\q 35/]

8. "Sacepi-1. Kevalaṃ sabbaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ calessasi,
Neva sammā vimuttānaṃ buddhānaṃ atthi iñjitaṃ.

9. "Nabhaṃ phaleyya paṭhavī valeyya
Sabbeva pāṇā udasantaseyyuṃ,
Sallampi ce urasi pakampayeyyuṃ-2.
Upadhīsu tāṇaṃ na karonti buddhā"ti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati: idha bhagavā kāyaṃ upadhiṃ āhāti.

Yathā cāha:

10. "Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā
Yadāyasaṃ dārujaṃ babbajaṃ ca, -3.
Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu
Puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā"ti

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati: idha bhagavā bāhiresu vatthusu taṇhaṃ āhāti.

1. Sacemaṃ - saṃ
2. Kampayeyuṃ - machasaṃ
3. Pabbajañca - machasaṃ

[BJT Page 058] [\x 58/]

Yathā cāha:

11. "Etaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā
Ohārinaṃ sithilaṃ duppamuñcaṃ,
Etampi chetvāna paribbajanti
Anapekkhino kāmasukhaṃ pahāyā"ti

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati: idha bhagavā bāhira vatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhāti.

Yathā cāha:

12. "Āturaṃ asuciṃ putiṃ duggandhaṃ dehanissitaṃ,
Paggharantaṃ divā rattiṃ bālānaṃ abhinanditaṃ"ti

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati: idha bhagavā ajjhatti kavatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhāti.

Yathā cāha: [PTS Page 036] [\q 36/]

13. "Ucchinda sinehamattano
Kumudaṃ sāradikaṃva pāṇinā,
Santimaggameva brūhaya
Nibbānaṃ sugatena desita"nti.

Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati: idha bhagavā ajjhattika vatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhāti. Idaṃ nidānaṃ.

4. Tattha katamo pubbāparasandhi:
Yathāha:

14. "Kāmandhā jālasañjannā-1. Taṇhāchandanachāditā,
Pamattabandhunā-2. Baddhā macchā'ca kumināmukhe
Jarāmaraṇamanvanti vaccho khīrapako'ca mātara"nti.

Ayaṃ kāmataṇhā vuttā. Sā katamena pubbāparena yujjati.

Yathā cāha:

15. "Ratto atthaṃ na jānāti ratto dhammaṃ na passati,
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti yaṃ rāgo sahate nara"nti.

Iti andhatāya ca sañchannatāya ca sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yañcāha: "kāmandhā jālasañchannā taṇhāchandanachāditā"ti. Yañcāha: "ratto atthaṃ na jānāti ratto dhammaṃ na passatī"ti. Imehi padehi pariyuṭṭhānehi sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yaṃ andhakāraṃ ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo, yā ca taṇhā ponobhavikā.

1. Jālasacchannā - sīmu.
2. Bandhanā - pu.

[BJT Page 060] [\x 60/]

Yañcāha: kāmā"ti ime kilesakāmā, yañcāha: jālasañjannā"ti tesaṃ yeva kāmānaṃ payogena pariyuṭṭhānaṃ dasseti, tasmā kilesavasena ca pariyuṭṭhānavasena ca taṇhā bandhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ye edisikā te jarāmaraṇaṃ anventi. [PTS Page 037] [\q 37/] ayaṃ bhagavatā yathānikkhittagāthābalena dassitā jarāmaraṇamanventī"ti.

16. "Yassa papañcā ṭhitī ca natthi
Sandānaṃ-1. "Paḷighaṃ ca vītivatto,
Ta nittaṇhaṃ muniṃ carantaṃ
Na vijānāti sadevakopi loko"ti.

'Papañcā' nāma: taṇhādiṭṭhimānā tadahisaṃkhatā ca saṅkhārā 'ṭhiti' nāma: anusayā 'sandānaṃ' nāma taṇhāya pariyuṭṭhānaṃ. Yāni chattiṃsataṇhāya jāliniyā vicaritāni. 'Paḷighe' nāma: moho. Ye ca papañcā saṅkhārā yā ca ṭhiti yaṃ sandānaṃ-1. Ca yaṃ paḷighaṃ ca yo etaṃ sabbaṃ samatikkanto ayaṃ vuccati nittaṇho iti.

Tattha pariyuṭṭhānasaṅkhārā diṭṭhadhammavedaniyā vā upapajjavedaniyā vā, aparāparivedanīyā vā, evaṃ taṇhā tividhaṃ phalaṃ deti: diṭṭhe vā dhamme upajje vā apare vā pariyāye. Evaṃ bhagavā āha: "yaṃ lobhapakataṃ kammaṃ karoti kāyena vācāya manasā tassa vipākaṃ anubhoti diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye"ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ upapajjavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ aparapariyāya vedanīyaṃ-2. Vā kammaṃ. Evaṃ kammaṃ tidhā vipaccati: diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā aparevā pariyāye. Yathāha: "yañce bālo idha pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesu micchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti, pisunāvāco hoti, pharusāvāco hoti, samphappalāpī hoti, abhijjhāhoti, vyāpādo hoti, micchādiṭṭhi hoti, tassa diṭṭhe vā dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye"ti. [PTS Page 038] [\q 38/] idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ paṭisaṃkhānabalena pahātabbaṃ, saṅkhārā dassanabalena, chattiṃsataṇhāvicaritāni bhāvanābalena pahātabbānīti. Evaṃ taṇhāpi nidhā pahīyati yā nittaṇhatā ayaṃ saupādisesā nibbānadhātu, bhedā kāyassa ayaṃ anupādisesā nibbānadhātu.

Papañce nāma vuccati anubandho, yaṃ cāha bhagavā: "papañceti atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ ārabbhā"ti. Yaṃ cāha bhagavā: - "atīte rādha, rūpe anapekkhā hohi anāgataṃ rūpaṃ mā abhinandi, paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya cāgāya paṭinissaggāya paṭipajjā"ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena
1. Sandhānaṃ - katthavi.
2. Aparāpariya vedanīyaṃ - sīmu.
Aparāpariyāya vedanīyaṃ - machasaṃ.

[BJT Page 062] [\x 62/]

Yujjati. Yo cāpi papañco ye ca saṅkhārā yā ca atītānāgatapaccuppannassa abhinandanā idaṃ ekatthaṃ. Api ca aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi akkharehi aññamaññehi byañjanehi aparimāṇā dhammadesanā vuttā bhagavatā. Evaṃ suttena suttaṃ saṃsandayitvā pubbāparena saddhiṃ yojayitvā suttaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ bhavati.

Savāyaṃ-1. Pubbāparasandhi catubbidho: atthasandhi byañjanasandhi desanāsandhi niddosasandhiti.

Tattha atthasandhi chappadāni: saṃkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānikammatā paññattīti.

Byañjanasandhi chappadāni: akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ ākāro nirutti niddosoti.

Desanāsandhi:

Na ca paṭhaviṃ-2. Nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca,
Na ca āpaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca,
Na ca tejaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, [PTS Page 039] [\q 39/]
Na ca vāyuṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca,
Na ca ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca,
Na ca viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca,
Na ca ākiñcāyatanaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca,
Na ca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca,
Na ca imaṃ lokaṃ nissāya na ca paraṃ lokaṃ nissāya. Jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, yamidaṃ ubhayamantarena diṭṭhiṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ vitakkitaṃ vicāritaṃ manasānucintitaṃ tampi na nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, ayaṃ sadevake loke samāreka sabrahmake sassamaṇabrahmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anissitena cittena na ñāyati jhāyanto.

Yathā māro pāpimā godhikāssa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesanto na jānāti na passati. So hi papañcātīto taṇhāpahānena, diṭṭhinissayopissa nattī. Yathā ca godhikassa evaṃ vakkalissa. Sadevakena lokena samārakena sabrahmakena sassamaṇa brāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anissitacittā na ñāyanti jhāyamanā. Ayaṃ desanāsandhi.

1. So cāyaṃ - machasaṃ
2. Pathaviṃ - machasaṃ

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Tattha katamo-1. Niddesasandhi: nissitacittā akusalapakkhena niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā kusalapakkhena niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kilesena-2. Niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā vodānena niddisitabbā. Nisistacittā saṃsārappavattiyā niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā saṃsāranivattiyā niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā taṇhāya ca avijjāya ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā samathena ca vipassanāya ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ahirikena ca anottappena ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā hiriyā ca ottappena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asatiyā ca asampajaññena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā satiyā ca sampajaññena ca niddisitabbā, nissitacittā ayoniyā ca [PTS Page 040] [\q 40/] ayoniso manasikārena ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā yoniyā ca yoniso manasikārena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kosajjena ca dovacassena ca niddisatabbā, anissitacittā viriyārambhena ca sovacassena ca niddisitabbā, nissitacittā assaddhiyena ca pamādena ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā saddhāya ca appamādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asaddhammasavaṇena ca asaṃvarena ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā saddhammasavaṇena ca saṃvarena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā abhijjhāya ca byāpādena ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā anabhijjhāya ca abyāpādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā nīvaraṇehi ca saṃyojani yehi ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā rāga virāgāya ca cetovimuttiyā avijjāvirāgāya ca paññāvimuttiyā niddisatabbā. Nissitacittā ucchedadiṭṭhiyā ca sassatadiṭṭhiyā ca niddisitabbā. Anissitacittā saupādisesāya ca anupādisesāya ca nibbānadhātuyā niddisitibbā. Ayaṃ niddesasandhi. Tenāha āyasmā mahākāccāyano: "neruttamadhippāyo"ti.

Niyutto catubyūho hāro.

3. 1. 7
Āvaṭṭahāravibhaṅgo

Tattha katamo āvaṭṭo hāro: "ekamhi padaṭṭhāne"ti ayaṃ.

1. "Ārabhatha-3. Nikkhamatha-4. Yuñjatha buddhasāsane,
Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro"ti.

1. Katamā - sīmu.
2. Saṃkilesena - sīmu.
3. Ārambhata - machasaṃ
4. Nikkamatha - machasaṃ.

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"Ārabhatha nikkhamathā"ti viriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. "Yuñjatha buddhasāsane"ti samādhissa padaṭṭhānaṃ. "Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ naḷāgāraṃca kuñjaro"ti paññāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. "Ārabhata nikkhamathā"ti viriyindriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. "Yuñjatha buddhasāsane"ti samadhindriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. "Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ naḷāgāraṃca kuñjaro"ti paññindriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. [PTS Page 041] [\q 41/] imāni padaṭṭhānāni desanā.

Ayuñjantānaṃ vā sattānaṃ yogo yuñjantānaṃ vā ārambho, tattha ye na yuñjanti te pamādamūlakā na yuñjanti. So pamādo duvidho: taṇhāmūlako avijjāmūlako ca. Tattha avijjāmūlako: yena aññāṇena nivuto ñeyyaṭṭhānaṃ nappajānāti pañcakkhandho uppādavayadhammāti ayaṃ avijjāmūlako. Yo taṇhāmūlako so tividho: anuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ uppādāya pariyesanto pamādaṃ āpajjati, uppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ ārakkhanimittaṃ paribhoga nimittañca pamādaṃ āpajjati, ayaṃ loke catubbido pamādo, ekavidho avijjāya, tividho taṇhāya. Tattha avijjāya nāmakāyo padaṭṭhānaṃ, taṇhāya rūpakāyo padaṭṭhānaṃta. Tiṃ kissa hetu: rūpīsu bhavesu ajjhosānaṃ arūpīsu sammobho. Tattha rūpakāyo rūpakkhandho nāmakāyo cattāro arūpino khandhā. Ime pañcakkhandhā katamena upādānena saupādānā: taṇhāya ca avijjāya ca. Tattha taṇhā dve upādānāni: kāmūpādānaṃ ca sīlabbatupādānañca. Avijjā dve upādānāni: diṭṭhupādānañca attavādūpādānañca. Imehi catūhi upādānehi ye saupādānā khandhā idaṃ dukkhaṃ. Cattāri upādānāni ayaṃ samudayo. Pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavā pariññāya ca pahānāya ca dhammaṃ deseti, dukkhassa pariññāya samudayassa pahānāya.

Tattha yo tividho taṇhāmūlako pamādo anuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ uppādāya pariyesati, uppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ ārakkhaṇaṃ ca karoti paribhoganimittañca. Tassa sampaṭivedhena rakkhaṇā paṭisaṃharaṇā, ayaṃ samatho. So kathaṃ bhavati: yadā jānāti kāmānaṃ assādaṃ ca assādato ādīnavaṃ ca [PTS Page 042] [\q 42/] ādīnavato nissaraṇaṃ ca nissaraṇato okāraṃ ca saṅkilesaṃ ca vodānaṃ ca nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ, tattha yā vīmaṃsā upaparikkhā ayaṃ vipassanā. I me dve dhammā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti: samatho ca vipassanā ca. Imesu dvīsu dhammesu bhāviyamānesu dve dhammā pahīyanti: taṇhā ca avijjā ca. Imesu dvīsu dhammesu pahīnesu cattāri upādānāni nirujjhanti, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā
[BJT Page 068] [\x 68/]

Jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Iti purimakāni ca dve saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayo ca, samatho ca vipassanā ca maggo, bhavanirodho nibbānaṃ. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā: "ārabhatha nikkhamathā"ti.

2. "Yathāpi mūle anupaddave daḷhe
Chinnopi rukkho punareca rūhati,
Evampi taṇhānusaye anuhate
Nibbattati dukkhamidaṃ punappunaṃ"

Ayaṃ taṇhānusayo, katamassā taṇhāya: bhavataṇhāya. Yo etassa dhammassa paccayo ayaṃ avijjā, avijjāpaccayā hi bhavataṇhā. Ime dve kilesā taṇhā ca avijjā ca. Tāni cattāri upādānāni, tehi catūhi upādānehi ye saupādānā khandhā idaṃ dukkhaṃ, cattāri upādānāni ayaṃ samudayo, pañcakkhandho dukkhaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavā pariññāya ca pahānāya ca dhammaṃ deseti, dukkhassa pariññāya samudayassa pahānāya, [PTS Page 043] [\q 43/] yena taṇhānusayaṃ samuhanti-1. Ayaṃ samatho, yena taṇhānusayassa paccayaṃ avijjaṃ vārayati ayaṃ vipassanā, ime dve dhammā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti: samatho ca vipassanā ca, tattha samathassa phalaṃ rāgavirāgā cetovimutti, vipassanāya phalaṃ avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti. Iti purimakāni ca dve saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayo ca, samatho ca vipassanā ca maggo, dve ca vimuttiyo nirodho, imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā: "yathāpi mūle anupaddave"tī.

3. "Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ kusalassa upasampadā,
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ-2. Etaṃ buddhāna sāsana"nti.

Sabbapāpaṃ nāma tīṇi duccaritāni: kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ. Te dasa akusalakammapathā: pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ kāmesumicchācāro musāvādo pisunāvācā pharusāvācā samphappalāpo abhijjhā vyāpādo micchādiṭṭhi. Tāni dve kammāni cetanā cetasikañca. Tattha yo ca pāṇātipāto yā ca pisunāvācā yā ca pharusāvācā idaṃ dosasamuṭṭhānaṃ, yañca adinnādānaṃ yo ca kāmesumicchācāro yo ca musāvādo idaṃ lobhasamuṭṭhānaṃ, yo samphappalāpo idaṃ mohasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Imāni satta kāraṇāni cetanākammaṃ yā abhijjhā ayaṃ lobho akusalamūlaṃ, yo byāpādo ayaṃ doso akusalamūlaṃ, yā micchādiṭṭhi ayaṃ micchāmaggo. Imāni tīṇi kāraṇāni cetasikaṃ kammaṃ, tenāha: cetanākammaṃ cetasikaṃ kamminti.

Akusalamūlaṃ payogaṃ gacchattaṃ catubbidhaṃ agatiṃ gacchati: chandā dosā bhayā mohā. [PTS Page 044] [\q 44/] tattha yaṃ chandāgatiṃ gacchati idaṃ lobhasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yaṃ dosāgatiṃ gacchati idaṃ dosasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yaṃ bhayā ca mohā ca agatiṃ gacchati idaṃ mohasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Tattha lobho asubhāya pahīyati, doso mettāya, moho paññāya. Tathā lobho upekkhāya pahīyati, doso mettāya ca karuṇāya ca, moho muditāya pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchati. Tenāha bhagavā: "sabbapāpassa akaraṇa"nti.

1. Samūhanti - machasaṃ
2. Pariyodapanaṃ - machasaṃ.

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Sabbapāpaṃ nāma aṭṭha micchattāni: micchādiṭṭhi micchāsaṃkappo micchāvācā micchākammanto micchāājīvo micchāvāyāmo micchāsati micchāsamādhi, idaṃ vuccati sabbapāpaṃ. Imesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ micchattānaṃ yā akiriyā akaraṇaṃ anajjhācāro, idaṃ vuccati sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ aṭṭhasu micchattesu pahīnesu aṭṭhasammattāni sampajjanti, aṭṭhannaṃ sammattānaṃ yā kiriyā karaṇaṃ ajjhācāro ayaṃ vuccati "kusalassa upasampadā". "Sacittapariyodapana"nati atītassa maggassa bhāvanā kiriyaṃ dassayati, citte pariyodapite pañcakkhandhā pariyodapitā bhavanti. Evaṃ hi bhagavā āha: "cetovisuddhatthaṃ bhikkhave tathāgate brahmacariyaṃ vussatī"-1. Duvidhā hi pariyodapanā nīvaraṇapahānaṃ ca anusayasamugghāto ca. Dve ca pariyodapanabhumiyo, dassanabhumi ca bhāvanābhumi ca. Tattha yaṃ paṭivedhena pariyodapeti, idaṃ dukkhaṃ, yato pariyodapeti ayaṃ samudayo, yena pariyodapeti ayaṃ maggo, yaṃ pariyodapitaṃ ayaṃ nirodho. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā: "sabbapāpāssa akaraṇa"nti.

4. "Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ
Chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle, [PTS Page 045] [\q 45/]
Esānisaṃso dhamme suviṇṇe
Na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī"ti.

Dhammo nāma duvidho: indriyasaṃvaro maggo ca. Duggati nāma duvidhā: devamanusse vā upanidhāya apāyā duggati, nibbānaṃ vā upanidhāya sabbā upapattiyo duggati. Tattha yā saṃvarasīle akhaṇḍa kāritā ayaṃ dhammo suviṇṇo apāyehi rakkhati. Evaṃ bhagavā āha: "dvemā bhikkhave sīlavato gatiyo devā ca manussā ca.

Evañca nālandāyaṃ nigame asikhandhakaputto gāmaṇī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: "brāhmanā bhante pacchābhumakā kāmaṇḍalukā sevāla mālikā udakorohakā aggiparicārakā, te mataṃ kālakataṃ uyyāpenti nāma saññāpenti nāma saggaṃ nāma uggamenti-1. Bhagavā pana bhante pahoti tathā kātuṃ, yathā sabbo loko kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyā'ti.

Tena hi gāmaṇī taṃ yevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi, taṃ kimmiññasi gāmaṇī idhassa puriso pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesu micchācārī musāvādī pisunāvāco pharusāvāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālū byapannacitto micchādiṭṭiko, tamenaṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya: "ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatu"ti, taṃ kimmaññasi gāmaṇī apinu so puriso mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyātaci, no hetaṃ bhante.

1. Okkāmenti - machasaṃ

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Seyyathāpi gāmaṇī puriso mahatiṃ puthusilaṃ gambhire udakarahade pakkhipeyya, tamenaṃ mahājanakāyo [PTS Page 046] [\q 46/] saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya ummujja bho puthusile uplava bho puthusile phalamuplava bho puthisile'ti. Taṃ kimmaññasi gāmaṇī apinu sā mahatī puthusilā mahato janakāyassa āyacanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā ummujjeyya vā uppaveyya vā phalaṃ vā uplaveyyāti, no hetaṃ bhante. Evameva kho gāmaṇī yo so puriso pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesu micchācārī musāvādī pisunāvāco pharusāvāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālū byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko, kiñcāpi naṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya: ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatuti. Atha kho so puriso kāyāssa bhedā parammaraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya.

. 1
Taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇī yo so puriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesu micchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisunāvācā paṭivirato pharusāvācā paṭivirato samphappalāpa paṭivirato abhijjhālū byāpannacitto paṭivirato sammādiṭṭhiko, tame naṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya: ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatuti. Taṃ kimmaññasi gāmaṇī apinū so puriso mahato janakāyassa āyācana hetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ. 1
Upapajjeyyāti, no hetaṃ bhante. Seyyathāpi gāmaṇī puriso sappikumbhaṃ vā telakumbhaṃ vā gambhīraṃ udakarahadaṃ ogāhitvā bhindeyya, tatra yassa-1. Sasakkharakaṭhalaṃ taṃ-2. Adhogāmi assa, yañca khavassa tatra sappi vā telaṃ vā. Taṃ uddhaṃgāmi assa, tamenaṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya: osīda bho sappitela, saṃsīda bho sappitela, avaṃ gaccha bho sappitelāti. Taṃ kimmaññasi gāmaṇī, apinu [PTS Page 048] [\q 48/] taṃ sappitelaṃ mahato janakāyassa āyācana hetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā osīdeyya vā saṃsīdeyya vā avaṃ vā gaccheyyāti? No hetaṃ bhante. Evameva kho gāmaṇi yo so puriso
Pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesu micchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisunāvācā paṭivirato pharusāvācā paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato abhijjhālū byāpannacitto paṭivirato sammādiṭṭhiko, kiñcāpi naṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya: "ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ, vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatuti. Atha kho so puriso kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya" iti dhammo suviṇṇo apāyehi rakkhati.

Tattha yā maggassa tikkhatā adhimattatā ayaṃ dhammo suviṇṇo sabbāhi upapattīhi rakkhati. Evaṃ bhagavā āha:

5. "Tasmā rakkhitacitta'ssa sammā saṅkappagocaro,
Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro ñatvāna udayabbayaṃ;
Thinamiddhābhibhu bhikkhu sabbā duggatiyo jahe"ti.

1. Yāssa - sīmu. Machasaṃ.
2. Sakkharā vā kaṭhalā vā sā - sīmu, machasaṃ.

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Tattha duggatinaṃ hetu taṇhā ca avijjā ca. Tāni cattāri upādānāni. Tehi catūhi upādānehi. Ye saupādānā khandhā idaṃ dukkhaṃ cattāri upādānāni samudayo, pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavā pariññāya ca pahānāya ca dhammaṃ deseti dukkhassa pariññāya samudayassa pahānāya tattha taṇhāya pañcindriyāni rūpīni padaṭṭhānaṃ, avijjāya manindriyaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, pañcindriyāni rūpīni rakkhanto samādhiṃ bhāvayati tanhañca niggaṇhāti. Manindriyaṃ rakkhanto vipassanaṃ bhāvayati avijjañca niggaṇhāti. Taṇhāniggahena dve upādānāni pahīyanti: kāmūpādānañca sīlabbatupādānañca. Avijjāniggahena dve upādānāni pahīyanti: diṭṭhupādānañca attavādūpādānañca, [PTS Page 048] [\q 48/] catusu upādānesu pahīnesu dve dhammā bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti: samatho ca vipassanā ca. Idaṃ vuccati brahmacariyanti. Tattha brahmacariyassa phalaṃ cattāri sāmaññaphalāni: sotāpattiphalaṃ sakadāgāmiphalaṃ anāgāmiphalaṃ arahattaṃ aggaphalaṃ, imāni cattāri brahmacariyaphalānīti. Iti purimakāni ca dve saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayo ca, samatho ca vipassanā ca brahmacariyañca maggo. Brahmacariyassa phalāni ca tadārammaṇā ca asaṅkhatā dhātu nirodho, imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha: "dhammo have rakkhatī"ti. Tattha yaṃ paṭivedhena rakkhati idaṃ dukkhaṃ, yato rakkhati ayaṃ samudayo, yena rakkhati ayaṃ maggo, yaṃ rakkhati ayaṃ nirodho. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāno: "ekamhi padaṭṭhāne"ti.

Niyutto āvaṭṭo hāro.

3. 1. 8
Vibhattihāravibhaṅgo

Tattha katamo vibhattibhāro: "dhammañca padaṭṭhānaṃ bhumiṃ cā"ti. Dve suttāni vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca, dve paṭipadā puññabhāgiyā ca phalabhāgiyā ca. Dve sīlāni saṃvarasīlañca pahānasīlañca. Tattha bhagavā vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ puññabhāgiyāya paṭipadā deseti. So saṃvarasīle ṭhito tena brahmacariyena brahmacārī bhavati. [PTS Page 049] [\q 49/] tattha bhagavā nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ phalabhāgiyāya paṭipadāya deseti so pahānasīle ṭhito tena brahmacariyena brahmacārī bhavati.

Tattha katamaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ: vāsanābhāgiyaṃ nāma suttaṃ "dānakathā sīlakathā saggakathā kāmānaṃ ādīnavo nekkhamme ānisaṃsoti, tattha katamaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ sutta: nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ nāma suttaṃ yā catusaccappakāsanā. Vāsanābhāgiyo sutte natthi pajānanā natthi maggo natthi phalaṃ. Nibbedhabhāgiyo sutte atthi pajānanā atthi maggo atthi palaṃ. Imāni cattāri suttāni. Imesaṃ catunnaṃ suttānaṃ desanāya phalena sīlena brahmacariyena sabbato vicayena hārena vicinitvā yuttihārena yojetabbāni, yāvatikā ñāṇāssa bhumi.
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Tattha katame dhammā sādhāraṇā: nāma sādhāraṇā vatthusādhāraṇā ca. Yaṃ vā pana kiñci aññampi evaṃ jātiyaṃ. Micachattaniyatānaṃ sattānaṃ aniyatānañca sattānaṃ dassanā pahātabbā kilesā sādhāraṇā. Puthujjanassa sotāpannassa ca kāmarāgabyāpādā sādhāraṇā. Puthujjanassa anāgāmissa ca uddhaṃbhāgiyā saṃyojanā sādhāraṇā. Yaṃ kiñci ariyasāvako lokiyaṃ samāpattiṃ samāpajjati, sabbā sā avītarāgehi sādhāraṇā, sādhāraṇā hi dhammā evaṃ aññamaññaṃ paraṃ paraṃ sakaṃ sakaṃ visayaṃ nātivattanti, yopimehi dhammehi samannāgato na so taṃ dhammaṃ upātivattati ime dhammā sādhāraṇā.

Tattha katame dhammā asādhāraṇā: yāva desanaṃ upādāya gavesitabbā: sekkhāsekkhā bhabbābhabbāti. Aṭṭhamakassa ca sotāpannassa kāmarāgabyāpādā [PTS Page 050] [\q 50/] sādhāraṇā dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Aṭṭhamakassa ca anāgāmissa uddhaṃbhāgiyā saṃyojanā sādhāraṇā, dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Sabbesaṃ sekkhānaṃ nāmaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ, dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Sabbesaṃ paṭipannakānaṃ nāmaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ, dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Sabbesaṃ sekkhānaṃ sekkhasīlaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ, dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Evaṃ visesānupassinā hīnukkaṭṭhamajjhajimaṃ upādāya gavesitabbaṃ.

Dassanabhumi niyāmācakkantiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Bhāvanābhumi uttarikānaṃ phalānaṃ pattiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā samathassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, sukhā paṭipadā dhippābhiññā vipassanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu paratoghosassa sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu cintāmayiyā paññāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu bhāvanāmayiyā paññāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthū parato ca ghosassa sutamayiyā ca paññāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu cintāmayiyā ca paññāya yoniso ca manasikārassa sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu bhāvanāmayiyā ca paññāya sammādiṭṭhiyā ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Patirūpadesavāso vivekassa ca samādhissa ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sappurisūpanissayo tiṇṇaṃ ca aveccappasādānaṃ samathassa ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Attasammāpaṇidhānaṃ hiriyā ca vipassanāya ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Akusalapariccāgo kusalavīmaṃsāya ca samādhindriyassa ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Dhammasvākkhātatā kusalamūlaropaṇāya ca phalasamāpāttiyā ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅghasuppaṭipannatā saṅghasuṭṭhutāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Satthusampadā appasannānañca pasādāya pasannānaṃ ca bhīyobhāvāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Appaṭihatapātimokkhatā [PTS Page 051] [\q 51/] dummaṅkūnaṃ ca puggalānaṃ niggahāya pesalānañca puggalānaṃ phāsuvihārāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tenāha mahakaccāno: "dhammañca padaṭṭhāna"nti.

Niyutto vibhattīhāro

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3. 1. 9
Parivattana hāravibhaṅgo

Tattha katamo parivattanno hāro? "Kusalākusale dhamme"ti. Sammādiṭṭhissa purisapuggalassa micchādiṭṭhi nijjiṇṇā bhavati, ye cassa micchādiṭṭhippaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammādiṭṭhippaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Sammāsaṃkappassa purisapuggalassa micchāsaṃkappo nijjiṇṇo bhavati, ye cassa micchāsaṅkappapaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāsaṅkappapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti,

Sammāvācassa purisapuggalassa micchāvācassa nijjiṇṇā bhavati, ye cassa micchāvācassappaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāvācassapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Sammākammantassa purisapuggalassa micchākammanto nijjiṇṇo bhavati, ye cassa micchākammantappapaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammākammantappapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti,
Sammāājīvassa purisapuggalassa micchāājīvassa nijjiṇṇā bhavati, ye cassa micchāājīvappaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāājīvassapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Sammāvāyāmassa purisapuggalassa micchāvāyo nijjiṇṇo bhavati, ye cassa micchāvāyappapaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāvāyāmappapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti,
Sammāsatissa purisapuggalassa micchāsatissa nijjiṇṇā bhavati, ye cassa micchāsatissappaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāsatissapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Sammāsamādhissa purisapuggalassa micchāsamādhi nijjiṇṇo bhavati, ye cassa micchāsamādhippapaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāsamādhippapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti,
Sammāvimuttissa-1. Purisapuggalassa micchāvimuttissa nijjiṇṇā bhavati, ye cassa micchāvimuttissappaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāvimuttissapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti.
Sammāvimuttiñāṇadassanassa purisapuggalassa micchāvimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ bhavati, ye cassa micchāvimuttiñāṇadassanapaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti, sammāvimuttiñāṇadassanapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanā pāripūriṃ gacchanti,

Yassa vā pāṇātipātā paṭiviratassa pāṇātipāto pahīno hoti, adinnādānā paṭiviratassa adinnādānaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, brahmacārissa abrahmacariyaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, saccavādissa musāvādo pahīno hoti, apisunavācassa pisunāvācā pahīnā hoti, saṇhavācassa pharusā vācā pahīnā hoti, kālavādissa samphappalāpo pahīno hoti, anabhijjhālussa abhijjhā [PTS Page 052] [\